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1 Introduction to SOA with Web Services1

The Service-Oriented Enterprise2

Service-Oriented Development5

Service Abstraction8

Service-Oriented Architecture10

What Are Services？10

What Is Service-Oriented Architecture？13

Challenges to Adoption18

SOA and Web Services20

Rapid Integration23

Multi-Channel Access26

Occasionally Connected Computing28

Business Process Management29

Extended Web Services Specifications32

Standardization32

Specification Composability35

Metadata Management38

Security41

Reliability and Messaging43

Transactions44

Orchestration46

Summary48

PART Ⅰ SOA AND BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS49

2 Overview of Service-Oriented Architecture51

Service-Oriented Business and Government51

Service-Oriented Architecture Concepts54

SOA Processes，Principles，and Tools57

Services58

Line of Business Services61

Reusable Technical Services63

Service Contracts64

Web Services Platform64

Service Requesters and Service Providers68

Approved Products，Technologies，and Facilities69

Service Governance，Processes，Guidelines，Principles，Methods，and Tools70

SOA Governance Policies and Processes70

SOA Principles and Guidelines72

Key Service Characteristics73

Primary Characteristics75

Secondary Characteristics78

SOA Guidelines for Service Requesters83

SOA Guidelines for Legacy Systems and Legacy Services85

Technical Benefits of a Service-Oriented Architecture86

Efficient Development87

More Reuse88

Simplified Maintenance91

Incremental Adoption91

Graceful Evolution92

Service-Oriented Architecture—Business Benefits93

Increased Business Agility94

Better Business Alignment96

Improved Customer Satisfaction98

Reduced Vendor Lock-In and Reduced Switching Costs99

Reduced Integration Costs100

Improved ROI of Existing IT Assets100

Summary102

3 SOA and Web Services103

The Web Services Platform104

Elements of the Web Services Platform105

Web Services Platform Principles108

Service Contracts109

Service Contract Elements109

Documenting and Defining Service Contracts111

Service Contract Principles112

Service Contracts Focus on Service-Level Abstractions112

WSDL and Service Contracts113

WSDL Service Contract Architecture114

Example WSDL Service Contract——Calendar Service116

Service-Level Data Model118

Relationship Between Service-Level Data Models and Internal Data Models118

Reconciling Disparate Data Models Across Different Service Domains119

Using XML-Related Technologies for the Service-Level Data Model and Data Handling122

Service Discovery——Registration and Lookup123

Service-Level Security124

Service-Level Interaction Patterns126

A Quick Look at SOAP and HTTP127

Request/Response Interactions129

Request/Callback Interaction Paradigm130

Asynchronous Store-and-Forward Messaging132

Example Business Scenario Using Request/Response and Asynchronous Messaging135

Publish/Subscribe Interaction Paradigm135

Atomic Services and Composite Services138

Generating Proxies and Skeletons from Service Contracts140

Generating Java Classes from Service Contracts141

Generating C# Classes from Service Contracts142

Generating C＋＋ Classes from Service Contracts144

Service-Level Communication and Alternative Transports145

WSDL Extensibility146

SOAP over IBM WebSphere MQ147

SOAP over JMS147

SOAP over CORBA IIOP148

SOAP over Tibco Rendezvous149

A Retrospective on Service-Oriented Architectures149

Overview of Selected Technologies That Have Been Used to Implement SOAs150

Detailed Comparison of SOA Technologies156

Summary159

4 SOA and Web Services for Integration161

Overview of Integration162

Common Business Drivers for Integration162

Common Technical Challenges Faced During Integration164

Requirements That the “Ideal” Integration Solution Must Satisfy164

Integration Can Be Performed at Different Layers of the Technology Stack166

Integration and Interoperability Using XML and Web Services167

Two Approaches for Using XML and Web Services for Integration and Interoperability171

Web Services Integration（WSI）171

Service-Oriented Integration（SOI）174

Applying SOA and Web Services for Integration—.NET and J2EE Interoperability178

Applying SOA and Web Services for Integration—Service-Enabling Legacy Systems181

Example #1—CICS and IMS182

Example #2—CORBA188

Applying SOA and Web Services for Integration—Enterprise Service Bus Pattern195

Summary—SOA and Web Services for Integration197

5 SOA and Multi-Channel Access199

Business Benefits of SOA and Multi-Channel Access202

Multi-Channel Access Reduces Staffing Costs202

Multi-Channel Access Eliminates Obsolete and Expensive Infrastructure202

Service-Oriented Architecture Reduces Costs and Improves Efficiency202

A Service-Oriented Architecture for Multi-Channel Access203

Architectural Challenges204

Architecture for Multi-Channel Access204

Client/Presentation Tier206

Channel Access Tier206

Communication Infrastructure208

Business Service Access Tier210

Business Service Tier213

Example—SOA for Developing Composite Applications214

Example—SOA for Multi-Channel Access Architecture216

Summary219

6 SOA and Business Process Management221

Basic Business Process Management Concepts221

Business Process Management Systems223

Process Modeling225

Process Execution226

Process Monitoring227

Business Activity Monitoring227

Example Business Process229

Combining BPM，SOA，and Web Services232

Benefits of BPM，SOA，and Web Services232

Defining Atomic and Composite Services236

Orchestration and Choreography Specifications245

Comparing Web Services Orchestration and Choreography245

WS-BPEL248

Choreography Description Language259

Example of Web Services Composition261

Orchestration-Centric Approach261

Choreography-Centric Approach263

Comparing Orchestration-Centric and Choreography-Centric Approaches265

Part Ⅰ Summary：Benefits of Combining BPM，SOA，and Web Services265

Individual Features and Benefits of BPM，SOA，Web Services，and XML265

Complementary Features and Benefits of BPM，SOA，and Web Services267

PART Ⅱ EXTENDED WEB SERVICES SPECIFICATIONS271

7 Metadata Management273

The Simple Approach to Metadata Management276

Using Plain SOAP and WSDL278

Metadata Specifications282

XML283

WSDL 2.0284

UDDI286

Addressing289

Policy297

WS-Policy299

Web Services Policy Language（WSPL）305

WSDL 2.0 Features and Properties307

Comparing the Policy Specifications308

WS-MetadataExchange309

Summary312

8 Web Services Security313

Overarching Concern315

Core Concepts316

Identity319

Authentication320

Digital Signature321

Summary of Challenges，Threats，and Remedies321

Message Interception322

Person in the Middle Attacks323

Spoofing323

Replay Attacks323

Denial-of-Service Attacks323

Securing the Communications Layer324

IP Layer Security325

Transport-Level Security325

Message-Level Security327

The WS-Security Framework327

WS-SecurityPolicy332

WS-Trust333

WS-SecureConversation335

WS-Federation336

Security Assertion Markup Language（SAML）337

XACML：Communicating Policy Information341

XML Key Management Specification（XKMS）341

Data-Level Security342

XML Encryption343

XML Signature344

Summary346

9 Advanced Messaging349

Reliable Messaging349

Overview350

Concepts and Technologies352

Benefits of Reliable Messaging357

Usage Scenarios for Reliable Messaging358

Web Services Reliable Messaging Specifications362

Comparing Web Services Reliable Messaging and Asynchronous Message Queuing374

Notification376

WS-Eventing378

WS-Notification379

Mobile Workers and Occasionally Connected Computing379

Summary381

10 Transaction Processing383

Overview384

The Transaction Paradigm386

Impact of Web Services on Transactions387

Protocols and Coordination389

Activity389

Context390

Addressing391

Policy392

Coordination392

Protocol Types397

Transaction Specifications401

The Web Services Coordinator404

WS-Atomic Transaction409

WS-BusinessActivity411

WS-Context412

WS-Coordination Framework414

WS-Transaction Management416

Summary420

Bibliography421

Books421

Technology References422

Articles424

Specifications425

General425

Metadata426

Security427

Reliability428

Notification428

Transactions428

Orchestration428

Orchestration Historical References429

Other Resources430

Index431